October 13

Saint Theophilus of Antioch

Roman Martyrology

Explained the faith to a pagan friend; first known to use the word “Trinity”

Theophilus was bishop of Antioch, in Syria, in the second half of the second century. The historian Eusebius lists him as the sixth bishop of the city after the apostles. He had grown up a pagan and, by his own account, came to faith by reading the Hebrew prophets.

His one surviving work is a set of three books written to a pagan friend named Autolycus, who mocked Christians. Theophilus answered patiently. He explained who God is, defended the Bible’s account of creation and argued that Moses and the prophets were older than the Greek poets. In these pages he became the first known Christian writer to use the word “Trinity” (in Greek, triás), speaking of God, his Word and his Wisdom. Eusebius mentions other writings, now lost. The date of his death is not known.

He is remembered as one of the early apologists: believers who explained their faith thoughtfully to a world that did not share it.

But in your hearts sanctify Christ as Lord. Always be prepared to give a defense to everyone who asks you the reason for the hope that is in you. But respond with gentleness and respect,

1 Peter 3:15 · BSB

A prayer

God of truth, you led Theophilus from unbelief to faith through the words of the prophets, and gave him patience to explain the Gospel to a friend who mocked it. Open our eyes to know you, and give us gentle courage to share our hope with those around us. Through Jesus Christ our Lord. Amen.